By formalizing its alliance with Pakistan, Saudi Arabia is signaling to Iran, Israel, and the United States that it has alternative anchors of deterrence.
Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signed a Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement in Riyadh on September 17, 2025. The joint declaration, issued by the Saudi Press Agency, stated that “any aggression against either country shall be considered an aggression against both.” This language mirrors the collective defense clauses of formal alliances, signaling a significant step beyond the informal security ties Riyadh and Islamabad have long maintained.
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Source: https://www.jpost.com/defense-and-tech/article-867906
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